Fix: handle null key in IterativeBinarySearch

[kadambari25]

🐛 Fix: Handle null key in IterativeBinarySearch

Description

The current implementation of IterativeBinarySearch handles null and empty arrays but does not account for a null search key.

This can lead to a NullPointerException when calling:

key.compareTo(array[mid])

Changes Made

• Added a null check for the key parameter in the find method:

if (array == null || array.length == 0 || key == null) {
    return -1;
}

Why this is important

• Prevents runtime crashes when a null key is passed
• Improves robustness and defensive programming
• Ensures consistent behavior across edge cases

Type of change

• Bug fix
• New feature
• Documentation update

Checklist

• I have read the contributing guidelines
• This is my own work
• Code follows project conventions

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 0% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 79.50%. Comparing base (741b2d1) to head (a3f2c34).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
.../thealgorithms/searches/IterativeBinarySearch.java	0.00%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #7365      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     79.51%   79.50%   -0.01%     
+ Complexity     7143     7141       -2     
============================================
  Files           796      796              
  Lines         23358    23358              
  Branches       4596     4596              
============================================
- Hits          18573    18571       -2     
  Misses         4047     4047              
- Partials        738      740       +2     

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[kadambari25]

Hi, I’ve added a null check for the key parameter to prevent potential NullPointerException. Please let me know if any changes are needed.